15.2 Job, Step, Tasklet 라이프사이클

@EnableBatchProcessing을 설정하고 Java Config로 Job/Step을 빈으로 선언하는 것이 Spring Batch의 표준 구성 방법입니다. Spring Boot 3(Batch 5.x)부터는 @EnableBatchProcessing 없이도 자동 구성이 활성화됩니다.

1. Job과 Step 선언 (Spring Batch 5 스타일)

@Configuration
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class CouponInactiveBatchConfig {

    private final JobRepository jobRepository;
    private final PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager;
    private final DataSource dataSource;

    // 1. Job 선언
    @Bean
    public Job inactiveCouponJob(Step inactiveCouponStep) {
        return new JobBuilder("inactiveCouponJob", jobRepository)
                .incrementer(new RunIdIncrementer())            // 매 실행마다 고유한 ID 생성
                .flow(inactiveCouponStep)
                .end()
                .build();
    }

    // 2. Step 선언 (Chunk 방식)
    @Bean
    public Step inactiveCouponStep() {
        return new StepBuilder("inactiveCouponStep", jobRepository)
                .<Coupon, Coupon>chunk(1000, transactionManager)  // 1000건씩 한 청크
                .reader(couponItemReader())
                .processor(couponItemProcessor())
                .writer(couponItemWriter())
                .build();
    }

    // 3-1. Reader: DB에서 만료된 쿠폰 1000건씩 읽기
    @Bean
    public JdbcPagingItemReader<Coupon> couponItemReader() {
        return new JdbcPagingItemReaderBuilder<Coupon>()
                .name("couponItemReader")
                .dataSource(dataSource)
                .selectClause("SELECT id, user_id, status, expire_date")
                .fromClause("FROM coupons")
                .whereClause("WHERE status = 'ACTIVE' AND expire_date < NOW()")
                .sortKeys(Map.of("id", Order.ASCENDING))
                .rowMapper(new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Coupon.class))
                .pageSize(1000)
                .build();
    }

    // 3-2. Processor: 상태값 변경
    @Bean
    public ItemProcessor<Coupon, Coupon> couponItemProcessor() {
        return coupon -> {
            coupon.setStatus("INACTIVE"); // 만료 처리
            return coupon;
        };
    }

    // 3-3. Writer: 변경된 쿠폰 일괄 업데이트
    @Bean
    public JdbcBatchItemWriter<Coupon> couponItemWriter() {
        return new JdbcBatchItemWriterBuilder<Coupon>()
                .dataSource(dataSource)
                .sql("UPDATE coupons SET status = :status WHERE id = :id")
                .beanMapped()
                .build();
    }
}

2. Job 수동 트리거 (API or Scheduler)

@RestController
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class BatchController {

    private final JobLauncher jobLauncher;
    private final Job inactiveCouponJob;

    @PostMapping("/admin/batch/inactive-coupons")
    public ResponseEntity<String> runBatch() throws Exception {
        JobParameters params = new JobParametersBuilder()
                .addLong("time", System.currentTimeMillis()) // 매번 다른 파라미터로 재실행 허용
                .toJobParameters();
        
        jobLauncher.run(inactiveCouponJob, params);
        return ResponseEntity.ok("배치 실행 완료");
    }
}