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C++ Basics Guide

1. Overview of C++​

C++ is a general-purpose programming language developed by Bjarne Stroustrup as an extension of the C language. It provides exceptionally powerful support for Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and Generic Programming (Templates).

2. Writing a Simple Program​

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    cout << "Hello, World!" << endl;
    return 0;
}

3. Pointers and References​

C++ offers pointers for manual memory management and more intuitive "references" to interact with values directly.

int a = 10;
int& ref = a; // Reference for variable 'a'

ref = 20;
cout << a; // Output: 20

4. Object-Oriented Programming (Classes and Methods)​

class Animal {
private:
    string name;

public:
    Animal(string n) : name(n) {} // Constructor

    void Speak() {
        cout << name << " makes a sound." << endl;
    }
};

Animal myDog("Buddy");
myDog.Speak();
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